Low Uptake of HIV Prevention Drug PrEP Despite High Effectiveness Leaves Many at Risk

Despite the high efficacy of HIV preventive drugs available in the market, there is low uptake among those at risk in the United States, with many being unaware of this preventive option.

Low Awareness and Uptake of PrEP

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is approximately 99% effective in preventing HIV infection through sexual contact when taken as prescribed. However, only about one-third of the estimated 1.2 million Americans who could benefit from the medication are currently using it, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

LaTonia Wilkins shared her experience with CBS News, stating that she was unaware of PrEP despite facing an HIV scare. "I never even heard of PrEP," she mentioned, and it took her years to start taking it because she thought it was only for gay men or trans women.

At-Risk Population for HIV

More than 30,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with HIV annually, with about 1.2 million individuals living with the infection. 

Disparities in HIV Prevention

CDC data revealed significant disparities in the uptake of PrEP among different demographic groups. While 94% of White individuals considered eligible for PrEP are using it, the uptake is notably lower among Black and Hispanic/Latino populations, with less than 13% and 24% respectively. Furthermore, less than 15% of women at risk are currently receiving the drug.

Addressing Accessibility and Cost Challenges

Accessibility challenges related to the cost of PrEP were highlighted, with the average annual cost of medication, clinic visits, and lab tests exceeding $5,000. This cost creates barriers for individuals like Wilkins, who expressed concerns about affordability if her insurance were to stop covering PrEP.

Moreover, a federal appeals court case may further limit insurance coverage for PrEP, with potential implications for accessibility. Gounder also pointed out that Gilead, the company producing combination pills for PrEP, is looking to narrow their patient assistance program by the end of 2024. In addition to these challenges, proposed funding cuts for the CDC's HIV prevention program by congressional Republicans add to the complexities of addressing HIV prevention.