U.S. Proposes Endangered Listing for Giraffe Subspecies Amid Population Decline Concerns

Giraffe populations face significant challenges, prompting the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to propose placing three subspecies and two species of these majestic animals under the Endangered Species Act. The decision, announced on a Wednesday, comes in response to alarming declines attributed to poaching, habitat loss, and climate change. While not native to the U.S., the listing aims to extend protections to giraffe populations globally.

Widespread Impact

Since the Endangered Species Act was enacted in 1973, it has played a vital role in safeguarding fish, wildlife, and plants classified as threatened or endangered. Federal agencies are mandated to ensure that their actions do not jeopardize these protected species. The proposed listing underscores the need for enhanced measures to prevent further declines in giraffe populations, as emphasized by USFWS Director Martha Williams in a recent press release. "Federal protections for giraffes will aid in conserving a vulnerable species, promoting biodiversity, ensuring ecosystem health, mitigating wildlife trafficking, and fostering sustainable economic practices," Williams stated. "This initiative aligns with giraffe conservation efforts while reaffirming the United States' commitment to preventing exacerbation of their decline."

The USFWS highlighted the potential impact of the listing on reducing illegal hunting and trade of giraffes by implementing permit requirements for imports into the U.S. Although not the primary driver of population decline, trade has contributed to the challenge. Giraffe hair and tails have historically been utilized in traditional medicine, and recent years have seen hunters targeting giraffes for bushmeat, according to the agency.

Funding for Conservation

Listing giraffes under the Endangered Species Act would not only bolster conservation efforts in range countries but also enhance funding for research initiatives. The USFWS noted that financial support would be directed towards developing and managing programs aimed at giraffe conservation. This multifaceted approach is expected to yield positive outcomes in addressing the challenges faced by giraffe populations.

Subspecies at Risk

The USFWS identified specific giraffe subspecies from across Africa that are particularly endangered. The proposal includes designating West African, Kordofan, and Nubian giraffes as endangered, while classifying Masai and reticulated giraffes as threatened. Disturbingly, according to federal officials, the West African, Kordofan, and Nubian giraffe subspecies have experienced a staggering 77% decline since 1985, with a combined population of only around 5,900 remaining, including a mere 690 West African giraffes. The vast majority of reticulated giraffes are found in Kenya, with an estimated population of 15,985. Masai giraffes total approximately 45,400, representing only 67% of their population in the 1970s.

Threats to Habitat

Giraffes primarily feed on leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits, making them vulnerable to human activities such as population growth leading to habitat loss. Additionally, instances of drought have resulted in heightened human-wildlife conflicts, further exacerbating the challenges faced by giraffe populations. These interconnected factors underscore the urgent need for targeted conservation efforts to ensure the survival of these iconic animals.

Call for Action

The proposed rule to list the giraffe species is currently undergoing a 90-day comment period, inviting stakeholders and the public to provide their input on the matter. As discussions unfold, it is crucial to recognize the significance of this initiative in safeguarding giraffes and preserving biodiversity in affected regions.